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Archery is the art, practice, or skill of propelling arrows with the use of a bow, from Latin arcus. Archery has historically been used for huntingand combat; in modern times, however, its main use is that of a recreational activity. A person who participates in archery is typically known as an "archer" or "bowman", and one who is fond of or an expert at archery can be referred to as a "toxophilite".

History

The bow seems to have been invented in the late Paleolithic or early Mesolithic periods. The oldest indication for its use in Europe comes from the Stellmoor in the Ahrensburg valley north of Hamburg, Germany and date from the late Paleolithic, about 10,000–9000 BC. The arrows were made of pine and consisted of a mainshaft and a 15–20 centimetre (6–8 inches) long fore shaft with a flint point. There are no definite earlier bows; previous pointed shafts are known, but may have been launched by atlatls rather than bows. The oldest bows known so far come from the Holmegård swamp in Denmark. Bows eventually replaced the atlatl as the predominant means for launching shafted projectiles, on every continent except Australia (woomera used), though the atlatl persisted alongside the bow in parts of the Americas, notably Mexico (from which its Nahuatl name comes) and amongst the Inuit.

Bows and arrows have been present in Egyptian culture since its predynastic origins. In the Levant, artifacts which may be arrow-shaft straighteners are known from the Natufian culture, (c. 12,800–10,300 BP (before present)) onwards. The Khiamian and PPN A shouldered Khiam-points may well be arrowheads.

Classical civilizations, notably the Assyrians, Persians, Somalis, Parthians, Indians, Koreans, Chinese, and Japanese and Turks fielded large numbers of archers in their armies. The Sanskrit term for archery, dhanurveda, came to refer to martial arts in general.

Archery was highly developed in Asia and in the Islamic world. In East Asia, Goguryeo, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea was well known for their regiments of exceptionally skilled archers. Central Asian tribesmen (after the domestication of the horse) and American Plains Indians (after gaining access to horses) were extremely adept at archery on horseback, with especially Mongol horsemen being renowned for fielding mounted archers in their armies. The lightly armoured, but highly mobile Mongol archers proved to be excellently suited to warfare in the Central Asian steppes, helping to conquer a large part of the known world at that time. In Europe, the English longbow proved its worth for the first time in Continental warfare at Crecy, France, in the year 1346…

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archery

Famous British archers

The Guardian

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When I opened my eyes, the weather was cloudy but my day started with Love.

Because I got message from my friend and I was VERY happy!

I was surprised when I saw on the kitchen table my favorite biscuits with coffee, I understood that Mom had made it for me.

It was very delicious!! It was wonderful that had my favourites in the morning.

I became even happier!!!. And I kissed my Mom to show my love.

Then I packed my bag. I dressed up in my best clothes (my blue shirt and jeans).

After living that day through, I understand that so little people need for happiness and that morning was a loveliest part of the day!

The buckwheat diet is very simple in application, does not demand financial expenses, and provides a sense of fulness. This buckwheat diet to loss weight and is ideally suited when after holidays, long holidays or for any reasons you have typed 5-10 superfluous kg.
For 1- 2 weeks it is possible to lose 4-10 kg. Especially actively loss of weight goes to the first days when the organism gets rid of a superfluous liquid: from 0,5 to 1 kg a day. Then process is braked, but superfluous fat continues to disappear.
The buckwheat diet can be repeated in a month, but the result will be not so obvious. However, stability is guaranteed – the kgs dumped as a result of a buckwheat diet, still for a long time will not return yet.
If you are ready to eat week only buckwheat and kefir the description of a buckwheat diet further follows. It, in general, simple enough – without knowledge. For achievement of the maximum effect from a buckwheat diet it is necessary to use raw groats. That buckwheat has kept all useful properties, it is necessary to prepare it correctly.
To cook groats it is not necessary – it is necessary to fill in it with boiled water and to leave to be drawn for the night. It is important that it is impossible to use any seasonings and spices because they will brake a conclusion of water from an organism, however, it is possible to fill in buckwheat with 1% kefir.
To abuse a buckwheat diet, as well as any other diet, it is not necessary. The diet is limited buckwheat and kefir, and such restriction deprives an organism of many vital substances.

If you want to feel the whole spirit of the Ukrainian village , you must try this dish !

This dish is widespread throughout Ukraine. You do not find a single citizen of Ukraine, not tasted this dish. Although, it is a cute dish, but it is very tasty. For us this national dish, so you must try this dish, because you can feel the whole spirit of the Ukrainian village.
It has a very attractive smell, this fragrance features gives us the Ukrainian village life. This dish has a crispy crust and a nice golden color. If you want all the taste of Ukrainian cuisine just try this dish!

Ingredients:

· 4 tablespoons butter

· 1 onion, chopped

· 2 large garlic cloves, chopped

· 1/2 lb smoked beef sausage

· 1 teaspoon dried oregano

· 6 medium potatoes

· 2 cups savoy cabbage, sliced (or other)

· 1 cup red bell pepper, roasted

· 1/2 cup parmesan cheese, shaved

· salt

· pepper

Directions:

· Slice sausage into 3/4 inch thick slices.

· Cut potatoes into cubes 1 1/2 to 2 inch pieces.

· Dice or slice red pepper.

· Melt butter over medium heat.

· Add onion and garlic, cook and stir 5 minutes or until onion is translucent.

· Stir in sausage and oregano.

Cook 5 minutes.

Stir in potatoes, and add salt and pepper to taste, mix well.

Transfer to crock-pot or slow cooker.

Cover and cook on low 6 to 8 hours or on high 3 to 4 hours stirring every hour.

Add cabbage and bell pepper last 30 minutes of cooking.

Top with parmesan cheese before serving.

Our names are: Sasha, Dima and Kristina. We live in Ukraine, in Rivne. Our life seems to be like a typical life of Ukrainian teenagers. We study at school №15 in the 10th form. We are very good friends and we proud of our friendship. We are very active and creative students, which connects us very much. We live with the main motto: Never give up, and you will never fall down.Sasha is a typical technical boy. It means that he likes all that connect with modern technologies. He dreams about creating his own great invention. He also likes cars, music, different sports and working with computer. At home he plays the guitar, and doesn’t look like that boy, whom we used to see at school. He also has a big and very friendly family and cat Mike which he likes very much. In general, he is 16 years old and is very communicative person.Dima is a full opposite to Sasha. He is more than active boy. He is fond of crazy adventures. He likes bikes and everything connected with an extreme. He likes hard rock very much and is fond of football. Also, he is 15 years old, his friends and family adore him. People say about him: “He takes on life in full”!Kristina is the only girl in our team. Sometimes we call her “raisin of our company”. It’s because, she always creative, very clever and responsible. On the one hand, she likes learning English, she organizes all events in our class and tries to study well, but on the other hand she is very active and sportive girl with a list of small dreams. She always says: “Every day, I wake up with thoughts that I have to be a really happy person. I have all that I want. I have a very big friendly family, many great friends and my favorite kitty Bush. My life gave me a lot of gifts. I pleased!!!” She is 15 years old. She is very glad and funny. She is fond of photo. All who knows her, say that she is really versatile person.We all different, our characters, appearance and qualities can't be the same. But we are friends, and this relates us very much!

The history of England concerns the study of the human past in one of Europe's oldest and most influential national territories. What is now England, a country within the United Kingdom, was inhabited by Neanderthals 230,000 years ago. Continuous human habitation dates to around 12,000 years ago, at the end of the last glacial period. The region has numerous remains from the Mesolithic, Neolithic, and Bronze Age, such as Stonehenge and Avebury. In the Iron Age, England, like all of Britain south of the Firth of Forth, was inhabited by the Celtic people known as the Britons, but also by some Belgae tribes (e.g. the Atrebates, the Catuvellauni, the Trinovantes, etc.) in the south east. In AD 43 the Roman conquest of Britain began; the Romans maintained control of their province of Britannia through to the 5th century.

More information you can find on this link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_England

The Flag of England is the St George's Cross (heraldic blazon: Argent, a cross gules). The red cross appeared as an emblem of England during the Middle Ages and the Crusades (although originally a white cross on red background) and is one of the earliest known emblems representing England. It also represents the official arms of the Most Noble Order of the Garter, and it achieved status as the national flag of England during the sixteenth century.

Saint George became the patron saint of England in the thirteenth century, and the legend of Saint George slaying a dragon dates from the twelfth century.

Patron Saint in England is St. George.

Saint George (ca. 275/281 – 23 April 303) was, according to tradition, a Roman soldier from Syria Palaestina and a priest in the Guard of Diocletian, who is venerated as a Christian martyr. In hagiography Saint George is one of the most venerated saints in the Catholic (Western and Eastern Rites), Anglican, Eastern Orthodox, and the Oriental Orthodox churches. He is immortalized in the tale of Saint George and the Dragon and is one of the Fourteen Holy Helpers. His memorial is celebrated on 23 April, and he is regarded as one of the most prominent military saints.
Many Patronages of Saint George exist around the world, including: Romania, Bulgaria, Aragon, Catalonia, England, Georgia, Greece, Lithuania, Israel, Portugal, Serbia, Ukraine and Russia, as well as the cities of Genoa, Ferrara, Freiburg, Kumanovo, Ljubljana, Pomorie, Preston, Qormi, Rio de Janeiro, Lod, Lviv, Barcelona, Moscow, Tamworth and the Maltese island of Gozo, as well as a wide range of professions, organizations and disease sufferers.

The longest river in England is Thames

The River Thames flows through southern England. It is the longest river entirely in England and the second longest river in the United Kingdom. While it is best known because its lower reaches flow through central London, the river flows alongside several other towns and cities, including Oxford, Reading, Henley-on-Thames, Windsor, Kingston upon Thames and Richmond.
The river gives its name to several geographical and political entities including the Thames Valley, a region of England centred around the river between Oxford and west London, the Thames Gateway, the area centred around the tidal Thames, and the Thames Estuary to the east of London.

The highest mountain in England is Scafell Pike in the Cumbrian Mountains.

Scafell Pike is the highest mountain in England. Its height is 978 metres (3,209 ft) and it is located in the Lake District National Park in Cumbria.
It is sometimes confused with the neighbouring Sca Fell, to which it is connected by the col of Mickledore. The name Pikes of Sca Fell was originally applied collectively to the peaks now known as Scafell Pike, Ill Crag and Broad Crag, which were considered subsidiary tops of Sca Fell (which looks higher from many angles). The contraction Scafell Pike originated as an error on an Ordnance Survey map, but is now standard.
The summit was donated to the National Trust in 1919 by Lord Leconfield in memory of the men of the Lake District "who fell for God and King, for freedom, peace and right in the Great War".Scafell Pike is one of three British peaks climbed as part of the National Three Peaks Challenge, and is the highest ground for over 90 miles.

London is the capital city of England and the United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its founding by the Romans, who called it Londinium. London's ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its square-mile medieval boundaries. Since at least the 19th century, the name London has also referred to the metropolis developed around this core. The bulk of this conurbation forms the London region and the Greater London administrative area, governed by the elected Mayor of London and the London Assembly.
London is a leading global city, with strengths in the arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research and development, tourism and transport all contributing to its prominence. It is the world's largest financial centre alongside New York City and Tokyo and has the largest city GDP in Europe, and the fifth in the world. It has the most international visitors of any city in the world and London Heathrow is the world's busiest airport by number of international passengers. London's 43 universities form the largest concentration of higher education in Europe. In 2012 London will become the first city to host the modern Summer Olympic Games three times.

You can get more information at this link:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London

The English rose is a traditional heraldic emblem of England and it takes its name and origins from the Tudor dynasty. It is often called the Tudor rose and was adopted as a national emblem of England around the time of the Wars of the Roses.

When Henry Tudor took the crown of England from Richard III in battle, he brought about the end of the Wars of the Roses between the House of Lancaster (Red Rose) and the House of York (White Rose). Henry's father was Edmund Tudor from the House of Richmond, His mother was Margaret Beaufort from the House of Lancaster; he married Elizabeth of York to bring all factions together.

In doing so he created the Tudor rose, conjoining the White Rose of York and the Red Rose of Lancaster.

In heraldry, the rose is depicted as white on red if placed on a field of a metal (gold or silver), or red on white if placed on a field of a colour, due to the rule of tincture.